Can Facebook Ruin Romantic Relationships Research Paper - 1

Can Facebook Ruin Romantic Relationships - Research Paper Example There have been favorable circumstances of Facebooking like the ones spelt above. It is where individuals can have a ton of fun that incorporates sharing old and new photographs (Persimmons). By utilization of its online visit room, there is manifestations and supporting of various connections. It has likewise prepared investment of individuals in battles and get-togethers. This has finishes by saying that it improves cooperation and further reinforces social connection inside a network. Be that as it may, Facebook has allegations of destroying connections that are impractically based and adequate proof has been gotten the job done to clarify this pitiful marvel. Facebook has been endorsed for use with one’s darling family yet it is awful for connections (Persimmons). One reason that have been presented to disclose Face book’s propensity to destroy connections is that it fills envy inclinations and bizarre conduct in individuals who are seeing someone (Persimmons). A model is the point at which a man/lady in a relationship refreshes his/her Facebook status and the remarks he/she gets are of sexual nature yet inclining towards a joke. This may prompt the accomplice getting steamed and the outcome is relationship breakdown. Envy subverts connections and Facebook can be a decent motivation of such desire inclinations. Individuals have subsequently become casualty to this desire propensity in their relationship arrangements. Facebook additionally has a profile segment that has a relationship individual status area. The site tells everybody at whatever point an individual changes their status. Tension is made at whatever point something like this is changed (Persimmons). For instance, when someone is calmly dating someone else, their status peruses ‘it is complicated’. As a general rule, modifying one’s relationship status drives top unforgiving and awkward connections combined with dubious discussions that murder the confidence of proceeding with any given relationship.â   â

Women Priests Essay -- essays research papers fc

     If one was to make a stride back and take a gander at our general public as a entire one would see that women’s rights have changed significantly throughout the only remaining century. Ladies are no more expected to get hitched, have youngsters, and remain at home to deal with their family. Ladies have left the home and entered the work power. There have been numerous laws gone to forestall the separation of ladies and to ensure that they are dealt with similarly.      Certainly, one can say that there is as yet a battle between the genders over the association of current society. Society has for sure grasped a sexual orientation war of sorts through the ages which has finished in a result that announces the male the victor. One case of this is ladies are definitely not permitted to be appointed as clerics in the Catholic Church.      As a kid, I went to Catholic schools until high school. I was told by for the most part nuns. I can recall that when the minister came into the room we would need to stand up as an indication of regard towards our confidence. As I got more seasoned, I started to imagine that nuns are a piece of the strict life however we don’t need to treat them with this equivalent regard. During my catholic instruction, I was encouraged that God made us in his picture and similarity. In the event that this is valid, and as Christians we accept that Christ is the fullest appearance of God, how might they say that lone men picture God? Are ladies unequipped for uncovering God?      A hundred years prior, ladies had small remaining in the Catholic Church, as in the public arena when all is said in done. Ladies were definitely not permitted to: get fellowship during their month to month time spans what's more, subsequent to bringing forth a youngster they should have been cleansed before returning a congregation building. Ladies were carefully illegal to contact sacrosanct things, for example, the goblet, the paten, or the modify material. They surely proved unable convey blessed fellowship. While in chapel, ladies need to have their heads hidden consistently. Ladies were moreover banned from entering the haven aside from cleaning purposes, perusing Sacred Scripture from the podium, lecturing, singing in a congregation ensemble, being modify servers, turning out to be full individuals from confraternities and associations of the people, and above all ladies were banned from getting Holy Orders.      In our time today with the new awarenes... ...you were to stroll into a Catholic Church this Sunday you would in all probability observe a ladies on the modify. Be that as it may this ladies would not be tired the extravagant vestments standing behind the change. Ladies have made some amazing progress, yet until a ladies can be appointed as a cleric, Catholic Churches will keep on playing on sex roles.â â â â â      Although I am not and never will be keen on turning into a cleric myself, I feel that barring ladies from the organization in view of their sex is biased.  â â â â â â â â â  â â â â List of sources Bartusch, D., Matsueda, R. â€Å"Gender, reflected evaluations, what's more, naming a cross-bunch trial of an interactionst hypothesis of delinquency.† Social Forces (1996). Greeley, A. (1984). Irate Catholic Women. Illinois: The Thomas More Press. Ruether, R. (1985). Ladies Church, Theology and Practice. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. Sweeney, T. (1992). A Church Divided. NewYork: Prometheus Books. Swidler, L. (1977). Ladies Priest; A Catholic Commentary on the Vatican Declaration. New York: Paulist Press.  â â â â

Penn State Abington Essay Sample Ideas

Penn State Abington Essay Sample IdeasPenn State Abington students will find many essay samples to choose from when selecting their subjects for the semester. No matter what area of study you plan on focusing on, you will find plenty of topics to write about. This article will examine some of the many areas that you should research in order to succeed in your career preparation class.One of the first areas of interest that you should look into when looking at Penn State Abington essay samples is the writing environment of the author. There are different styles and standards in the academic world. Each author is under a different set of standards for writing, which can make it difficult to connect with your fellow classmates. Some of the choices that you will have to make in order to get along in your career preparation class which books to purchase and what style of writing is acceptable.The next area that Penn State Abington essay samples may discuss is how to prepare your writing s kills. While you may be somewhat advanced in this area, you still need to learn some new techniques that you can incorporate into your writing. Some of the techniques that you will learn include developing good writing habits, such as not trying to start a story the first time you write. Additionally, try to develop the ability to think outside of the box when writing.Even if you are well educated, you should always work to improve your writing abilities, even if you have a high school or college degree. The ability to speak and write effectively will go a long way toward making yourself successful in whatever you choose to pursue. Instead of writing about why you want to go to Penn State Abington or what you expect to gain from the course, try to incorporate words that can get others interested in your class.Penn State Abington essay samples can help you achieve success in your career preparation class if you learn to use your written skills to reach out to others. The more you bec ome involved in the activities of the college, the more you will begin to learn and adapt. Use your writing ability to express yourself and then make an effort to make connections with other students.One of the ways that you can be successful in your career preparation class is to try to develop your own written style, such as the methods that Penn State Abington essay samples will discuss. You should always be able to meet people where they are and then communicate your ideas to them in a way that they can understand. Writing with complete honesty will also help you reach out to others.In order to be successful in your career preparation class, you should look to Penn State Abington essay samples for several different reasons. First, you should be able to understand what your goals are, especially when you are trying to find the right career for you. Many people find the decision to move to Abington very difficult, but there are many opportunities to move forward with your educatio n, even if you have a difficult family background.The Penn State Abington essay samples that you will use will not only provide you with specific tips, but will also discuss how you can be successful in your career preparation class. Some of the topics that you will need to research include how to increase your writing skills, and how to express yourself clearly and effectively. The goals and expectations of the Abington College will also be discussed in these writings. In addition, the pace of the classes will be discussed so that you can meet your goals as soon as possible.

Israel Is A Small Democracy At The Eastern End Of The...

Israel is a small democracy at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, with a 2016 population of 8.17 million, of which, 74.8 percent is Jewish; most of the rest of Israel s population is Arab. The term Arab denotes persons descended from tribes inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula or persons speaking the Arabic language. By this definition, there are about 250 million Arabs worldwide, most found in the group of countries occupying North Africa and the western part of the Middle East. Most Arabs are Muslims, but a significant minority (about 10 percent) in the Arab Middle East are Christians, and some are secular (profess no religion). Most Israelis and many non-Israeli Jews, as well as other supporters of Israel worldwide, see Israel as†¦show more content†¦Israel then declared its independence on 14 May 1948; it was quickly recognized by the United States, the Soviet Union, and many other countries. The new nation of Israel was also immediately attacked by neighboring Arab states. Israel prevailed in the conflict and, in the process, secured more territory for itself than had been stipulated under the UN partition plan. More than seven hundred thousand Palestinians remained displaced after the war, and were considered refugees. They settled in camps in nearby Arab nations. Central to the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict is the question of Palestinian statehood. Palestinians refer to their departure from Israel as the nakba or â€Å"disaster.† The refugees and their descendants, the Palestinians, today reside in the coastal Gaza Strip to Israel s south and along the west bank of the Jordan River, to Israel s east. In 1949, the UN arranged a ceasefire in Israel, setting a boundary around it known as the Green Line. In 1967, during the Six-Day War fought between Israel and the combined forces of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, Israel s victory enabled it to extend its borders beyond the Green Line, into the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, and begin building settlements there. These areas are known as the Occupied Territories. Many Palestinians, Arabs, and others view the Israeli occupation of the Occupied Territories as having as its ultimate goal theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Israel and The Palestinians1427 Words   |  6 Pages In the Middle East region, there is a single country that stands out from the rest, a beacon of light on the very edge of civilization; that country is Israel. A country surrounded on all sides by its sworn enemies, determined to bring about its downfall. These resilient people have not only survived this tumultuous area but have prospered, and in this short essay paper, we wi ll examine the reasons why this is by primarily examining their culture. We are going to do this by taking a close lookRead MoreThe Middle East And The European Powers Changes During The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthat time. As we know, the Middle East is the region in southwestern Asia (eastern Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf), with desert stretches where biodiversity is low. In wetter areas, close to rivers, human activity flourished from ancient times to the Mesopotamian civilization, Jewish, Christian and Islamic. It comprises the following countries: Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Palestine and the UnitedRead MoreThis paper is about the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict and favors the side of Israel. Basically a persuasive essay and argues for Israel.2639 Words   |  11 PagesSince the establishment of Israel in 1948, there has been constant fig hting between Israelis and Arabs. The Israelis have the right to live peacefully in Israel, but there is a conflict because the Palestinians feel that Israel is their land. During recent years the conflict in the Middle East had been exploded on to our television screens. Day after day images of violence and suffering have dominated the news. Scenes of heavily armed Israeli soldiers facing young Palestinian children hurling stonesRead MoreArab Nationalism and Syria Essay3250 Words   |  13 PagesDescription of Country Syria is a country located in the Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. The modern nation of Syria did not exist until the 20th century, although the idea of Syria has been in existence since at least the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The name â€Å"Syria†, was first used by the Greeks, historically identifying the region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean lying between Egypt and Asia Minor. Greater Syria, the larger region (called thisRead MoreNation of Israel Essay2927 Words   |  12 PagesNation of Israel Background: History and general facts about Israel Along the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, at the junction of three continents, lies a much disputed piece of land, now known as the country of Israel. Although this land is now controlled by its original inhabitants, the Jewish people have only had political power for the past half-century. After the Jewish people lost authority, the control of this piece of land changed hands numerous times. This land hasRead MoreYemen, The Happy Land Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesother countries. Yemen is an Arabic country located on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. According to World Population Review, Yemen is one of the oldest civilization centers in the North East, and the first country in the Arabian Peninsula to give women the right to vote. In terms of size, Yemen falls within the average of the countries in the Middle East. This amazing country is the second largest country in southern end of the Arabian Peninsula with a 2,000-kilometer coastline. As statedRead MoreA Look At Israel s Economy3116 Words   |  13 Pagestransitions to the world market. It is extremely important to understand the role of each country and how it conducts business in the global economy. The main focus of this essay is to take an indepth look at Israel’s economy both internally and globally. Israel has been around for millions of years and is one of the most fought over lands in the world. Israel’s history begins when the first zionist immigrants came to Palestine a fter World War I. The Zionists were a developed movement and their main goalRead MoreSst 1 Task 1 Wgu Essay2725 Words   |  11 Pagesat the Modern Institutions of the World Western Governors University In this paper I will be discussing the characteristics of a modern nation-state, the European Union, and a couple of the foreign policies of the United States. By the end of this paper there should be an understanding of what makes a modern nation-state and also some examples of countries that are either a nation or state. To understand what a nation-state is, you must first understand what both a state and a nationRead More Truman Doctrine Essay example2407 Words   |  10 PagesSoon after, he sent bombers to the Middle East. He desired the return of all arms given to U.S.S.R. under the Lend-Lease Act. There isnt a doubt in my mind that Russia intends an invasion of Turkey and seizure of the Black Sea straits to the Mediterranean. Unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making, How many divisions have you?Truman had his eye on the Soviets and on war. However, The U.S.S.R. never made such invasions and thus quelled Trumans paranoiaRead MoreEssay about Israel And The Palestinians2991 Words   |  12 Pages Israel and the Palestinians Israel is situated at the connection of Africa and Asia. It is 20,000 square kilometres and unlike its neighbour Arab states it lacks natural resources. Lebanon and Syria border it in the north, Jordan in the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has also been holding Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank of the River Jordan since 1967. It has an extremely varied geography and climate. Most of the coastline lies on the Mediterranean Sea. In the south are the

Making College A More Peaceful Time - 954 Words

Making College a More Peaceful Time In America, students usually go through about 13 years of schooling until they can finally attend a college or university. It is often the first time where adolescents will have more freedom in their lives because it is their choice on whether they want to continue their education or not. If they choose to continue their education, they will have to take on more responsibilities in their life that will help them with their future. A student’s journey through college can often be a rollercoaster because they are experiencing multiple new situations while having to focus on their education. This can cause students to have problems that they do not always for because they do not know how to handle their situation. A few of the problems that college students face are having trouble paying for tuition, procrastination with their work and feeling stressed out. It is going to be tough for a student handle these problems but if they have hope and co me up with a plan these problems can get solved. The expenses for college and especially university can be extreme for any student to pay because tuition can be thousands of dollars. Besides the wealthy, it will be very difficult for anyone to pay this tuition because most people do not earn enough money. Getting a student loan is a decent option for the time being, but it can be difficult to pay off the loan in the long run. The best option to choose is to apply for a scholarship because it does notShow MoreRelatedRacism At The University Of Mississippi1233 Words   |  5 PagesImagine being a student of low economic status that has always dreamed of going to a world renowned university but the stench of racism still looms at the well-known college. The racism displayed at this university is undeniable and very visible which in result scares away many diverse students. Colleges claim to be diverse but with the lack of minorities due to the recognizable racism issues and problems t his proposes an important matter. Racism at The University of Mississippi can be solved byRead MoreNo American Dream for Some747 Words   |  3 Pagesmany years. Unfortunately, that dream was not for all Americans during the time of segregation. Eventually it was possible due to two very successful African-American leaders. These two inspirational men had the same idea of making America a better country, but they did not have the same strategies as in to how to make it better. Martin Luther King believed in reaching African-American equality in the most peaceful way possible. â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do thatRead MoreCosmopolitan s : Myth Or Truth?1531 Words   |  7 Pagespeace cannot be created, it has to be naturally formed by people who understand one another, and understand that certain places need to be peaceful. In Elijah Anderson’s The Cosmopolitan Canopy; Race and Civility in Everyday Life, he describes places called â€Å"Cosmopolitan Canopies†. According to Anderson, cosmopolitan canopies are places where everyone is peaceful and civil towards one another. People of all races get along in these places and no one outwardly judges each other in a harsh manner. JudgingRead More How to be a Good College Student Essay541 Words   |  3 PagesHow to be a Good College Student College is a competitive environment; in order to succeed in it a student needs certain skills. Those skills can only be learned. A college professor mentioned that there five basic rules that need to be followed in order to become a good student: study, do all the homework and the assigned reading, attend class, and, most importantly, develop self-discipline and time management 1. In the following lines, a detailed analysis of those different steps will be doneRead MoreGandhi : Man Of Power853 Words   |  4 Pages Gandhi: Man of Power When we think of leaders, we all have certain characteristics that come to mind. We consider those who are leaders, to be a person who had done something special in their time. That something may have changed something in their local community, or it may have changed the world (Lal, 2015). World history has known many examples of leaders that made a big change in the world. In the United States, there is little doubt that Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King are examples ofRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Research Paper1409 Words   |  6 PagesGandhi) raised him into a 6 sibling family. Mahatma Gandhi attended Samaldas Arts College in 1891 as that’s where he got most of the education at the college level. Gandhi had 4 sons with his wife Kasturba Gandhi who was born in 1833 and later passed in 1944. Mahatma was later assassinated by in January of 1948 in the Birla House of New Delhi India, as his killer (Nathuram Godse) shot him in the chest multiple times before he took his last breath. The way Gandhi influenced the citizens of India andRead MoreThe Love of My Life Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages T. Coraghessan Boyle once said â€Å"As strong as love might be, there is always something stronger that could come along and shatter it† (After). T. Coraghessan Boyle was born in 1948 as Thomas John Boyle in Peekskill, New York. When Boyle went to college he never dreamed that one day he would have a major in Literature. He originally went to major in music as an aspiring saxophone player at SUNY Potsdam (Auteur†). â€Å"That did not work out because I did not have near the talent of my colleagues† heRead MoreMy Career Choice: Fashion Designer Essay775 Words   |  4 Pagesa creative side of my art ability and I want to make my clothing affordable for all as well. I think I influenced myself to wanting to become a fashion designer because I have a passion for art and wanting to become a fashion designer. I enjoy making sketches of clothing that one day will hopefully be available in stores all over. Fashion designing in my opinion is a way to express the unique side of your creativity, also fashion designing is a career that I believe I can achieve in so highlyRead MoreI Am Ready For College929 Words   |  4 Pagesdidn’t matter. What mattered right now was getting to the office on time. I needed to talk to him about something very important and if I was late that would be crucial time wasted. When I finally managed to make it to his office I was greeted with a hello and a huge smile as I quickly sat down. I plopped my bag next to me and we started talking. This time it wasn t to discuss what classes I should be taking to get ready for college, but it was about my family. I found myself in a state of uneasinessRead MoreImportance Of Freedom Of Speech1455 Words   |  6 Pagesin place. Richard Allsop believes the Greeks may have been one of the first nations to develop this system. â€Å"In Athens, the reforms of Solon in the 590s BC extended the right of citizens to express opinions, and the concept of free speech became a more practical reality after the reforms of Cleisthenes in Athens around 508 BC† (Allsop The Difficult History of Free Speech). It wasn’t until 1215 AD when the first basic human rights were established in the Magna Carta. While the Magna Carta didn’t explicitly

Finance 320 Questions on Finance - 910 Words

1. What are the key financial innovations that were developed during the 1980s. This is open-ended so there can be many answers. There are a myriad of financial innovations that were created throughout the 1980s were the result of the proliferation of credit instruments, types of securities, interest rates and rapid adoption of technologies that provided for greater accuracy and speed of trading. The five predominant catalysts of financial innovations during the 1980s including increased accuracy and speed of moving debt-based securities and aggregated investments in real-time from one asset classification to another; greater availability of analytics for measuring and managing risk; more effective data extraction analysis tools for gaining insights into very large data sets not available before; and the creation of more streamlined approaches to managing transactions as well (Dufey, Giddy, 1981) . These five factors are most responsible for securities innovations including pay-in-kind bonds, inflation-indexed bonds, convertible and exchange bonds specifically designed to mitigate risk while controlling short sales of debt equities they were tied to, in addition to the fine-tuning of credit default swaps and interest rate swaps meant to drive down the overall costs and risk of transaction while increasing potential returns (Marquis, Cunningham, 1990). These and other innovations that occurred during the 1980s were also designed to assuage or mitigate the exceptionalShow MoreRelatedHsm-340 Health Services Finance Midterm Exam Answers6611 Words   |  27 PagesHSM-340 Health Services Finance Midterm Exam Answers Follow Link Below To Get Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/hsm-340-health-services-finance-midterm-exam-answers/ HSM-340 Health Services Finance Midterm Exam Answers Question 1.1. (TCO 4) Which of the following is part of a statistics budget? (Points : 5) Output expectations Responsibility for estimation Estimation methodology All of the above Question 2.2. (TCO 4) Which budgetary issue causes the most strife in allRead MoreExample of a Financial Ratio Analysis for a Trading Company1161 Words   |  5 PagesGross Margin Net Operating profit (Income Statement) Sales 28.5% 427 1500 25.0% 300 1200 2009 2.b Net income after tax (NIAT) NIAT Sales 2.5% 38 1500 3.0% 36 1200 2 c. Return on Owners Equity NIAT Owners Equity 11.2% 38 340 11.3% 36 320 Conclusion: Management has improved the trading margin of the company, either by improving price, and or improving the direct input costs, such as transport costs of the delivery fleet - this could be via improved usage of the assets, better configurationRead MoreBusiness Information Systems Chapter 8 20349 Words   |  82 Pagesï » ¿Ã‚   True / False Questions    1.  Integrations allow separate systems to communicate directly with each other, eliminating the need for manual entry into multiple systems.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    2.  Integrations provide enterprisewide support and data access for a firms operations and business processes.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    3.  Enterprise application integration (EAI) connects the plans, methods, and tools aimed at integrating separate enterprise systems.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    4.  Integrations are achieved using enterpriseRead MoreThe Power Of Big Business1183 Words   |  5 PagesSmith to the public, but he halts the distribution of Smith’s paper to the state. Taylor hires people to physically steal papers telling the truth in order to maintain his acquired power. The ideals of freedom of speech that protect his ability to finance candidate are violated when he censors the boy rangers and other media outlets, a clear infringement of freedom of press. The manipulation of our elected leaders and news outlets breaches an ethical code—it strips the American people of the trueRead MoreMyres Majluf1919 Words   |  8 PagesPreparation Questions for Myers Majluf Article on Financing and Investing Decisions Tradicional Finance a) If the NPV of the project is positive, the firm should undertake the investment. b) Base in the formula I = E + S we can demonstrate what is the best decision for the company. For that we will make a numerical example. State 1 State 2 Asset-in.place a 150 50 Investment Opportunity (NPV) b 20 10 P I Debt (D) Lot of cash S E True Value (V) P+E V V old new = = = 115 150 0 Read MoreCooperative Procurement, Collaborative Procurement And Purchasing Consortia887 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Research Gap Key questions Key Literature The idea is how a combination of theories and frameworks concerning to Cooperative Procurement, e-Sourcing and Outsourcing can represent a benefit to SME and an opportunity for a new business. - Cooperative Procurement; Cooperative Purchasing; Collaborative Procurement and Purchasing Consortia. In the current literature, the concept of Cooperative Purchasing has been vaguely defined. Beyond that, there is a vast terminology to nominate the conceptRead MoreBenefits Of Saving For Retirement2600 Words   |  11 Pageshave to focus on what you can control. You have reasonable control over ordinary spending. You have less control over what you earn, and almost no control over accidents and investment returns. For the majority of people, managing their personal finances will be far more important than managing their portfolio or optimizing an investment strategy. The â€Å"simple† but not â€Å"easy† path to financial freedom is as follows: spend less than you make and consistently save/invest the difference. You only needRead MoreInternational Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 8th Edition Charles W. L. 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You would be given 4 or 5 questions similar to the ones found in this practice exam. You are, however, responsible for all material covered in the course whether or not that material is covered in this exam. 2. You will have 3 hours to write this exam. 3. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Please write legibly. 4. Use of calculator is permitted, but please show how answers were obtained. A

Fisheries Resources

Question: Write an essay about the fisheries resources. Answer: Fisheries Resources Japan is a hotbed of earthquakes experiencing at least 300 earthquakes by the day. Based on recorded history, the country experiences, in every 30 years, a minimum of one earthquake with the magnitude of 8 and above. The active plates which are spread all over the country plus the oceanic and continental plates are to blame for this occurrence. Tsunamis tend to be generated during some of these earthquakes, case in point, the Tohoku Earthquake, which caused tremendous destruction to the seawalls and the fisheries resources. The seagrass bed communities have experienced some not so subtle changes as a result of the chaos created by these tsunamis (Miura, Sasaki, Chiba, 2012). A succinct overview of the period prior to the Tohoku earthquake points to a community that was dependent on fish products as their major protein source. On a larger scale, there has been a worldwide decline in the supply of fish products. The peak of 24 million tons has since been brought down to 20 million tons (Miura, Sasaki, Chiba, 2012). Japan has always been a giant in the field of fishing hitting 10 million tons of fish caught. This is no longer the case as 4 million tons is being celebrated as the highest figure. The trend is worrying. Another fact worthy of noting is, even though a decrease in supply should cause an increase in demand thereby an upward shift in prices, the prices of seafood seems to have remained constant. The Mongoku-ura bay area has seen a steady decrease in the number of fisherman by an estimated 60% (Miura, Sasaki, Chiba, 2012). People have resorted to other forms of income generation methods, oblivious of the potential of the fish industry. The need to increase their efforts in order to guarantee a big enough catch has discouraged many men, who over the years have seen, in other industries, less cumbersome methods of income generation. There are no incentives to engage in fishing due to the destruction of the fisheries resources by the tsunamis. The land subsidence that went as high as 1 meter because of the earthquake led to the disappearance of the seagrass beds that was mainly constituted by Zostera sp (Rogers, Kimbro, 2015). The effect of the disappearance to the aquatic life was overwhelming, and there is no understating its negative impact on the fishing industry. The same community that still had to deal with the massive destruction on their property and loss of their friends and families could not stomach such heavy blows. Nobody blames them for giving less attention to rebuilding their fisheries resources (Rogers, Kimbro, 2015). A radical environmentalist would argue that the changes in the seagrass beds due to natural forces and the eventual reduction of the dependence on fisheries resources was an advantage because it ensured survival of endangered aquatic life. One has to be a radical to make such arguments. Protection of species against extinction can be exercised through other means that would not affect the tastes and preferences of an entire community. The community has had to look for other sources of protein that have been known to create worse disturbance to the carbon footprint and vegetation on land. The level of destruction to the environment that goes into enjoying a kilogram of beef is worse than that which goes into enjoying a sushi dinner. Let that sink in for a minute. Short answer questions Discuss why high fisheries productivity is often found adjacent to the western sides of continents. List 2 such locations Down-welling and upwelling affect both the biological productivity and the temperature of the sea surface. Since upwelling is mostly common along the western sides of the continents, and because upwelling supports seagrass beds by generating favorable temperatures for aquatic life like planktons, fishes are more likely to survive on the western sides hence high productivity. Examples of such locations include Chile and Peru. For THREE marine finfish families that are major world fisheries, describe their Family and common name, distribution and where they are mostly caught, key aspects of their biology (e.g., open water pelagics, sex changers etc.), and capture methods. Black sea bass scientific is Centropristis striata, they are most commonly caught in the USA along Atlantic coastal waters with hooks. They are protogynous hermaphrodites. Pacific Cod scientific name is protogynous hermaphrodites, most commonly trawl-caught in the Pacific Ocean. They have an average lifespan of 9 years Tilapia Scientific name is Oreochromis spp., it is of an African original and is caught using fishing nets. They can reach the age of harvesting within ten months, making them very fast growers. The diagram below shows a yield curve for a fishery, intersected by a cost line (as fishing effort increases, so costs rise linearly in this example). Reproduce the diagram in your answer book, and show that "maximum economic yield, MEV" is less than "maximum sustained yield, MSV". How would this be different if a high-capital item like a large fishing vessel is purchased? When a high-capital item like a large fishing vessel is purchased, MEV would no longer be less than MSV in the short run. Describe 2 methods each of estimating the following demographic parameters for marine fishes: Fish movement Removal Model Abundance Estimates: In order to provide an estimate for fish abundance, the model utilizes standard depletion methods. This model assumes that the efficiency during sampling is generic during all the depletion captures. Probabilistic sampling: Probability sampling happens once all doable samples are enclosed within the choice method, the probability of choice is thought, and also the choice method is random. The foremost basic sampling procedure utilized in fish population sampling is straightforward sampling, during which a pre-set variety of sampling web sites hand-picked is chosen from all probabilities. Fish individual mortality Pauly 1980: this method associates natural mortality with the growth parameters of von Bertalanffy with the mean environmental temperatures. The temperatures are measure in degrees Celsius. The assumption is that there has to be a connection between the sizes of the fish with their natural mortality. Hoenig 1983: this method is commonly used to estimate fish individual mortality among the sharks. The idea is that the highest observed age can be used to predict the individual mortality of the sharks; sharks that have lived over a longer period tend to have a slower death rate. What are some of the key attributes of a sustainable fishery? Discuss the relative merits and problems with regulatory management of fisheries (e.g., effort limits, minimum legal size limits, spatial closures) vs consumer-driven product choice (e.g., Marine Stewardship Council and Ocean wise programs). Sustainable fisheries must be harvested at rates that are sustainable. There should be no point in time when fish harvesting leads to a decline in population of fish in their habitat. In this era of overfishing, subsistence of sustainable seafood is a major conundrum. Even though humanity regards the aquatic life as a suitable rich source of nutrients, regulation is key to ensuring the existence of a symbiotic relationship between man and the aquatic life. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are touted as important tools for both marine biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Discuss the following in relation to MPAs: How marine parks differ from terrestrial national parks The overarching difference is that unlike in terrestrial national parks, people are prohibited from accessing the marine parks. Steps designing a MPA The most vital thing to note is getting the licencing and ensuring that you have the goodwill of the community in which the MPA is to be located. Limitations in MPAs as fisheries management tools Most of the MPAs allow a certain level of human interaction. Some have recreational facilities like fishing, hotels, et cetera. These human interactions may cause, to a certain extent, harm to the aquatic life. How MPAs can help managing fisheries They aid in sustenance of genetic diversity, ecological systems recovery, and areas utilized for scientific referencing. Oceanographic factors can greatly influence the production of fisheries. In particular, local processes can affect fisheries. Define the following (diagram) and discuss in relation to fish productivity or migration Western Boundary Currents (Eg EAC) They are deep, fast, warm, and narrow currents that flow on the ocean basins west side. They affect the circulation of nutrients and thus the migration of fishes. Local upwelling This is the process through which deep and cold waters rise approaching the surface. Areas that experience local upwelling tend to have a high population of fish since such areas have the right temperature for the survival of vegetation that the fishes heavily depend upon. Discuss both the dispersal capabilities of marine fish larvae, and some of the different modes of spawning of marine fishes, and how these are relevant to managing marine fish resources. Include specific examples. Marine fish larvae do not consume the same food as the adults thereby reducing competition among the two different groups within the same species. Some species, like pelagic larvae, can disperse over very long distances. This ensures that they colonize new territories to avoid the stressing of a particular territory for the same resources. The larvae, especially the long pelagic ones, have the capabilities to break the cycle of the parasites that attack them. Some of the modes of spawning include mouth brooders that yield juveniles or demersal post-larvae e.g. catfish, demersal eggs which yield pelagic larvae e.g. triggerfish, demersal eggs which yield juveniles or demersal post-larvae e.g. toadfishes. What life history attributes of a marine fish species would suggest that it is vulnerable to overfishing? Why? The decline in population of the large predator fishes point to the possibility that they are more susceptible to overfishing. These species have a large body size, and take a lot of time to mature and reproduce. Moreover, their parents need to invest a lot of time caring for their offspring. They also have a long life-span and averagely high trophic levels. Describe the operation of the Sydney Fish Market, specifically The Dutch auction method of fish sales During the Dutch auction, the auctioneer first asks for a high price for the product the crowd is bidding for and hen keeps on lowering it until someone in the crowd is interested in purchasing the product. Which products are not sold this way and why? Fish that are hard to catch, they fixed prices. What happens to fish that aren't sold on the day They remain frozen References Blaxter, J. H. (Ed.). (2012). The Early Life History of Fish: The Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory of the Scottish Marine Biological Association at Oban, Scotland, from May 1723, 1973. Springer Science Business Media. 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